Main page Compare countries Index countries Index fields

Query:
##ciekawa_strona##

Compare Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2002) - Turkmenistan (2006)

Compare Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2002) z Turkmenistan (2006)

 Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2002)Turkmenistan (2006)
 Saint Pierre and MiquelonTurkmenistan
Administrative divisions none (territorial collectivity of France); note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are two communes - Saint Pierre, Miquelon at the second order 5 provinces (welayatlar, singular - welayat): Ahal Welayaty (Ashgabat), Balkan Welayaty (Balkanabat), Dashoguz Welayaty, Lebap Welayaty (Turkmenabat), Mary Welayaty


note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)
Age structure 0-14 years: 25.4% (male 904; female 864)


15-64 years: 64.4% (male 2,288; female 2,193)


65 years and over: 10.2% (male 303; female 402) (2002 est.)
0-14 years: 35.2% (male 913,988/female 863,503)


15-64 years: 60.7% (male 1,501,486/female 1,557,155)


65 years and over: 4.1% (male 79,227/female 127,561) (2006 est.)
Agriculture - products vegetables; poultry, cattle, sheep, pigs; fish cotton, grain; livestock
Airports 2 (2001) 29 (2006)
Airports - with paved runways total: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)
total: 22


over 3,047 m: 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 11


1,524 to 2,437 m: 8


914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2006)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total: 7


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 1


under 914 m: 4 (2006)
Area total: 242 sq km


land: 242 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes eight small islands in the Saint Pierre and the Miquelon groups
total: 488,100 sq km


land: 488,100 sq km


water: NEGL
Area - comparative 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC slightly larger than California
Background First settled by the French in the early 17th century, the islands represent the sole remaining vestige of France's once vast North American possessions. Annexed by Russia between 1865 and 1885, Turkmenistan became a Soviet republic in 1924. It achieved its independence upon the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. President Saparmurat NIYAZOV retains absolute control over the country and opposition is not tolerated. Extensive hydrocarbon/natural gas reserves could prove a boon to this underdeveloped country if extraction and delivery projects were to be expanded. The Turkmenistan Government is actively seeking to develop alternative petroleum transportation routes in order to break Russia's pipeline monopoly.
Birth rate 14.96 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) 27.61 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Budget revenues: $70 million


expenditures: $60 million, including capital expenditures of $24 million
revenues: $1.401 billion


expenditures: $1.542 billion; including capital expenditures of $NA (2005 est.)
Capital Saint-Pierre name: Ashgabat (Ashkhabad)


geographic coordinates: 37 57 N, 58 23 E


time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate cold and wet, with much mist and fog; spring and autumn are windy subtropical desert
Coastline 120 km 0 km; note - Turkmenistan borders the Caspian Sea (1,768 km)
Constitution 28 September 1958 (French Constitution) adopted 18 May 1992
Country name conventional long form: Territorial Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon


conventional short form: Saint Pierre and Miquelon


local long form: Departement de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon


local short form: Saint-Pierre et Miquelon
conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Turkmenistan


local long form: none


local short form: Turkmenistan


former: Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic
Currency euro (EUR); French franc (FRF) -
Death rate 6.61 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) 8.6 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Debt - external $NA $2.4 billion to $5 billion (2001 est.)
Dependency status self-governing territorial collectivity of France -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (territorial collectivity of France) chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Jennifer L. BRUSH


embassy: No. 9 1984 Street (formerly Pushkin Street), Ashgabat, Turkmenistan 774000


mailing address: 7070 Ashgabat Place, Washington, DC 20521-7070


telephone: [9] (9312) 35-00-45


FAX: [9] (9312) 39-26-14
Diplomatic representation in the US none (territorial collectivity of France) chief of mission: Ambassador Meret Bairamovich ORAZOV


chancery: 2207 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 588-1500


FAX: [1] (202) 588-0697
Disputes - international none cotton monoculture in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan creates water-sharing difficulties for Amu Darya river states; bilateral talks continue with Azerbaijan on dividing the seabed and contested oilfields in the middle of the Caspian; demarcation of land boundary with Kazakhstan has started but Caspian seabed delimitation remains stalled
Economic aid - recipient approximately $60 million in annual grants from France $16 million from the US (2001)
Economy - overview The inhabitants have traditionally earned their livelihood by fishing and by servicing fishing fleets operating off the coast of Newfoundland. The economy has been declining, however, because of disputes with Canada over fishing quotas and a steady decline in the number of ships stopping at Saint Pierre. In 1992, an arbitration panel awarded the islands an exclusive economic zone of 12,348 sq km to settle a longstanding territorial dispute with Canada, although it represents only 25% of what France had sought. The islands are heavily subsidized by France to the great betterment of living standards. The government hopes an expansion of tourism will boost economic prospects. Recent test drilling for oil may pave the way for development of the energy sector. Turkmenistan is a largely desert country with intensive agriculture in irrigated oases and large gas and oil resources. One-half of its irrigated land is planted in cotton; formerly it was the world's tenth-largest producer. Poor harvests in recent years have led to an almost 50% decline in cotton exports. With an authoritarian ex-Communist regime in power and a tribally based social structure, Turkmenistan has taken a cautious approach to economic reform, hoping to use gas and cotton sales to sustain its inefficient economy. Privatization goals remain limited. In 1998-2005, Turkmenistan suffered from the continued lack of adequate export routes for natural gas and from obligations on extensive short-term external debt. At the same time, however, total exports rose by 20% to 30% per year in 2003-2005, largely because of higher international oil and gas prices. In 2005, Ashgabat sought to raise natural gas export prices to its main customers, Russia and Ukraine, from $44 per thousand cubic meters (tcm) to $66 per tcm. Overall prospects in the near future are discouraging because of widespread internal poverty, the burden of foreign debt, the government's irrational use of oil and gas revenues, and its unwillingness to adopt market-oriented reforms. Turkmenistan's economic statistics are state secrets, and GDP and other figures are subject to wide margins of error. In particular, the rate of GDP growth is uncertain.
Electricity - consumption 38.13 million kWh (2000) 8.847 billion kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2000) 1.136 billion kWh (2004)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2000) 0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - production 41 million kWh (2000) 11.41 billion kWh (2004 est.)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Morne de la Grande Montagne 240 m
lowest point: Vpadina Akchanaya -81 m; note - Sarygamysh Koli is a lake in northern Turkmenistan with a water level that fluctuates above and below the elevation of Vpadina Akchanaya (the lake has dropped as low as -110 m)


note: Sarygamysh Koli is a lake in northern Turkmenistan with a water level that fluctuates above and below the elevation of Vpadina Akchanaya (the lake has dropped as low as -110 m)


highest point: Gora Ayribaba 3,139 m
Environment - current issues recent test drilling for oil in waters around Saint Pierre and Miquelon may bring future development that would impact the environment contamination of soil and groundwater with agricultural chemicals, pesticides; salination, water-logging of soil due to poor irrigation methods; Caspian Sea pollution; diversion of a large share of the flow of the Amu Darya into irrigation contributes to that river's inability to replenish the Aral Sea; desertification
Environment - international agreements - party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Basques and Bretons (French fishermen) Turkmen 85%, Uzbek 5%, Russian 4%, other 6% (2003)
Exchange rates euros per US dollar - 1.06594 (January 2001), 1.08540 (2000), 0.93863 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997) in recent years the unofficial rate has hovered around 24,000 to 25,000 Turkmen manats to the dollar; the official rate has consistently been 5,200 manat to the dollar
Executive branch chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by Prefect Claude VALLEIX (since 9 October 2002)


head of government: President of the General Council Marc PLANTAGENEST (since NA)


cabinet: NA


elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held, first round - 21 April 2002, second round - 5 May 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the General Council is elected by the members of the council
chief of state: President and Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers Saparmurat NIYAZOV (since 27 October 1990, when the first direct presidential election occurred); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President and Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers Saparmurat NIYAZOV (since 27 October 1990, when the first direct presidential election occurred)


cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president


note: NIYAZOV's term in office was extended indefinitely on 28 December 1999 during a session of the People's Council (Halk Maslahaty); in November 2005, the People's Council voted down NIYAZOV's suggestion to hold presidential elections in 2009


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 21 June 1992; note - President NIYAZOV was unanimously approved as president for life by the People's Council on 28 December 1999; deputy chairmen of the Cabinet of Ministers are appointed by the president


election results: Saparmurat NIYAZOV elected president without opposition; percent of vote - Saparmurat NIYAZOV 99.5%
Exports $12 million f.o.b. (1999) NA bbl/day
Exports - commodities fish and fish products, soybeans, animal feed, mollusks and crustaceans, fox and mink pelts gas, crude oil, petrochemicals, cotton fiber, textiles
Exports - partners US 43%, Egypt 14%, Japan 11%, Colombia 8% (1999) Ukraine 43.5%, Iran 15%, Hungary 5.4% (2005)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description a yellow sailing ship facing the hoist side rides on a dark blue background with a black wave line under the ship; on the hoist side, a vertical band is divided into three parts: the top part is red with a green diagonal cross extending to the corners overlaid by a white cross dividing the square into four sections; the middle part has a white background with an ermine pattern; the third part has a red background with two stylized yellow lions outlined in black, one on top of the other; the flag of France is used for official occasions green field with a vertical red stripe near the hoist side, containing five tribal guls (designs used in producing carpets) stacked above two crossed olive branches similar to the olive branches on the UN flag; a white crescent moon representing Islam with five white stars representing the regions or velayats of Turkmenistan appear in the upper corner of the field just to the fly side of the red stripe
GDP purchasing power parity - $74 million (1996 est.); supplemented by annual payments from France of about $60 million (1996 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
agriculture: 20.9%


industry: 38%


services: 41.1% (2005 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $11,000 (1996 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate NA% IMF estimate: 6%


note: official government statistics show 21.4% growth, but these estimates are widely regarded as unreliable (2005 est.)
Geographic coordinates 46 50 N, 56 20 W 40 00 N, 60 00 E
Geography - note vegetation scanty landlocked; the western and central low-lying, desolate portions of the country make up the great Garagum (Kara-Kum) desert, which occupies over 80% of the country; eastern part is plateau
Heliports - 1 (2006)
Highways total: 114 km


paved: 69 km


unpaved: 45 km (1994 est.)
-
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%: 2.6%


highest 10%: 31.7% (1998)
Illicit drugs - transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and Western European markets; transit point for heroin precursor chemicals bound for Afghanistan
Imports $55 million f.o.b. (1999) NA bbl/day
Imports - commodities meat, clothing, fuel, electrical equipment, machinery, building materials machinery and equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs
Imports - partners France 44%, Canada 40% (1999) UAE 12.4%, Azerbaijan 10.9%, US 9.4%, Russia 8.9%, Ukraine 7.4%, Turkey 7.2%, Iran 6.1%, Germany 5.3%, Kazakhstan 4.2% (2005)
Independence none (territorial collectivity of France; has been under French control since 1763) 27 October 1991 (from the Soviet Union)
Industrial production growth rate NA% 22% (2003 est.)
Industries fish processing and supply base for fishing fleets; tourism natural gas, oil, petroleum products, textiles, food processing
Infant mortality rate 8.18 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) total: 72.56 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 76.9 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 68 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2.1% (1991-96 average) 10.5% (2005 est.)
International organization participation FZ, WFTU AsDB, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDB, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) -
Irrigated land NA sq km 18,000 sq km (2003)
Judicial branch Superior Tribunal of Appeals or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)
Labor force 3,000 (1997) (1997) 2.32 million (2003 est.)
Labor force - by occupation fishing 18%, industry (mainly fish-processing) 41%, services 41% (1996 est.) agriculture: 48.2%


industry: 13.8%


services: 37% (2003 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km total: 3,736 km


border countries: Afghanistan 744 km, Iran 992 km, Kazakhstan 379 km, Uzbekistan 1,621 km
Land use arable land: 13.04%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 86.96% (1998 est.)
arable land: 4.51%


permanent crops: 0.14%


other: 95.35% (2005)
Languages French (official) Turkmen 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7%
Legal system French law with special adaptations for local conditions, such as housing and taxation based on civil law system
Legislative branch unicameral General Council or Conseil General (19 seats - 15 from Saint Pierre and 4 from Miquelon; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms)


elections: elections last held 19 and 26 March 2000 (next to be held NA April 2006)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PS 12, PRG 2, UDF-RPR 5


note: Saint Pierre and Miquelon elect 1 seat to the French Senate; elections last held NA September 1995 (next to be held NA September 2004); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPR 1; Saint Pierre and Miquelon also elects 1 seat to the French National Assembly; elections last held, first round - 9 June 2002, second round - 16 June 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UDF 1
under the 1992 constitution, there are two parliamentary bodies, a unicameral People's Council or Halk Maslahaty (supreme legislative body of up to 2,500 delegates, some of whom are elected by popular vote and some of whom are appointed; meets at least yearly) and a unicameral Parliament or Mejlis (50 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms); membership is scheduled to be increased to 65 seats


elections: People's Council - last held in April 2003 (next to be held December 2008); Mejlis - last held 19 December 2004 (next to be held December 2008)


election results: Mejlis - DPT 100%; seats by party - DPT 50; note - all 50 elected officials are members of the Democratic Party of Turkmenistan and are preapproved by President NIYAZOV


note: in late 2003, a new law was adopted, reducing the powers of the Mejlis and making the Halk Maslahaty the supreme legislative organ; the Halk Maslahaty can now legally dissolve the Mejlis, and the president is now able to participate in the Mejlis as its supreme leader; the Mejlis can no longer adopt or amend the constitution, or announce referendums or its elections; since the president is both the "Chairman for Life" of the Halk Maslahaty and the supreme leader of the Mejlis, the 2003 law has the effect of making him the sole authority of both the executive and legislative branches of government
Life expectancy at birth total population: 77.93 years


male: 75.66 years


female: 80.32 years (2002 est.)
total population: 61.83 years


male: 58.43 years


female: 65.41 years (2006 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 99%


male: 99%


female: 99% (1982 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 98.8%


male: 99.3%


female: 98.3% (1999 est.)
Location Northern North America, islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, south of Newfoundland (Canada) Central Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Kazakhstan
Map references North America Asia
Maritime claims exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
none (landlocked)
Merchant marine none (2002 est.) total: 8 ships (1000 GRT or over) 22,870 GRT/25,801 DWT


by type: cargo 4, combination ore/oil 1, petroleum tanker 2, refrigerated cargo 1 (2006)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of France -
Military branches - Ground Forces, Artillery and Rocket Forces, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces (2006)
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $90 million (FY99)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 3.4% (FY99)
National holiday Bastille Day, 14 July (1789) Independence Day, 27 October (1991)
Nationality noun: Frenchman(men), Frenchwoman(women)


adjective: French
noun: Turkmen(s)


adjective: Turkmen
Natural hazards persistent fog throughout the year can be a maritime hazard NA
Natural resources fish, deepwater ports petroleum, natural gas, sulfur, salt
Net migration rate -4.89 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) -0.75 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Pipelines - gas 6,441 km; oil 1,361 km (2006)
Political parties and leaders PRG [leader NA]; Rassemblement pour la Republique or RPR [leader NA]; Socialist Party or PS [leader NA]; Union pour la Democratie Francaise or UDF [leader NA] Democratic Party of Turkmenistan or DPT [Saparmurat NIYAZOV]


note: formal opposition parties are outlawed; unofficial, small opposition movements exist underground or in foreign countries; the two most prominent opposition groups-in-exile have been National Democratic Movement of Turkmenistan (NDMT) and the United Democratic Party of Turkmenistan (UDPT); NDMT was led by former Foreign Minister Boris SHIKHMURADOV until his arrest and imprisonment in the wake of the 25 November 2002 assassination attempt on President NIYAZOV; UDPT is led by former Foreign Minister Abdy KULIEV and is based out of Moscow
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 6,954 (July 2002 est.) 5,042,920 (July 2006 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% 58% (2003 est.)
Population growth rate 0.35% (2002 est.) 1.83% (2006 est.)
Ports and harbors Saint Pierre -
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 16, FM 8, shortwave 2 (1998)
Radios 4,000 (1997) -
Railways 0 km total: 2,440 km


broad gauge: 2,440 km 1.520-m gauge (2005)
Religions Roman Catholic 99% Muslim 89%, Eastern Orthodox 9%, unknown 2%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female


total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.62 male(s)/female


total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: adequate


domestic: NA


international: radiotelephone communication with most countries in the world; 1 earth station in French domestic satellite system
general assessment: poorly developed


domestic: NA


international: country code - 993; linked by cable and microwave radio relay to other CIS republics and to other countries by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; a new telephone link from Ashgabat to Iran has been established; a new exchange in Ashgabat switches international traffic through Turkey via Intelsat; satellite earth stations - 1 Orbita and 1 Intelsat
Telephones - main lines in use 4,000 (1997) 376,100 (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular 0 (1994) 52,000 (2004)
Television broadcast stations 0 (there are, however, two repeaters which rebroadcast programs from France, Canada, and the US) (1997) 4 (government owned and programmed) (2004)
Terrain mostly barren rock flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes rising to mountains in the south; low mountains along border with Iran; borders Caspian Sea in west
Total fertility rate 2.1 children born/woman (2002 est.) 3.37 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Unemployment rate 9.8% (1997) (1997) 60% (2004 est.)
Waterways none 1,300 km (Amu Darya and Kara Kum canal important inland waterways) (2006)
Sitemap: Compare countries listing (map site) | Country listing (map site)
Links: Add to favorites | Information about this website | Stats | Polityka prywatnosci
This page was generated in ##czas## s. Size this page: ##rozmiar_strony## kB.